Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system produced by Microsoft , the first version of which was released on July 27, It is a processor-independent, multiprocessing and multi-user operating system. It was a commercially focused operating system intended to complement consumer versions of Windows that were based on MS-DOS including Windows 1.

Gradually, the Windows NT family was expanded into Microsoft’s general-purpose operating system product line for all personal computers , deprecating the Windows 9x family. Starting with Windows , [6] “NT” was removed from the product name and is only included in the product version string along with several low-level places within the system.

NT was the first purely bit version of Windows, whereas its consumer-oriented counterparts, Windows 3. It is a multi-architecture operating system. One of the main purposes of NT is hardware and software portability. NT has supported per-object file, function, and role access control lists allowing a rich set of security permissions to be applied to systems and services.

Windows NT 3. Its companion product, Windows 3. The full preemptive multitasking kernel could interrupt running tasks to schedule other tasks, without relying on user programs to voluntarily give up control of the CPU, as in Windows 3. Notably, in Windows NT 3. In Windows NT 4, the video, server, and printer spooler subsystems were moved into kernel mode. Windows NT also allows for other installable file systems; since versions 3. Windows NT introduced its own driver model, the Windows NT driver model, and is incompatible with older driver frameworks.

Windows 3. This decision caused tension between Microsoft and IBM and the collaboration ultimately fell apart. Like VMS, [23] Windows NT’s kernel mode code distinguishes between the “kernel”, whose primary purpose is to implement processor- and architecture-dependent functions, and the “executive”. This was designed as a modified microkernel , as the Windows NT kernel was influenced by the Mach microkernel developed by Richard Rashid at Carnegie Mellon University, [25] but does not meet all of the criteria of a pure microkernel.

Both the kernel and the executive are linked together into the single loaded module ntoskrnl. Routines from each are directly accessible, as for example from kernel-mode device drivers. Windows NT was one of the earliest operating systems to use Unicode internally. Windows NT 4. The first release was given version number 3. Also the Novell IPX protocol was apparently licensed only to 3. The NT version number is not now generally used for marketing purposes, but is still used internally, and said to reflect the degree of changes to the core of the operating system.

Starting with Windows 8. If an application is not manifested for Windows 8. Assembly language is avoided where possible because it would impede portability.

In order to prevent Intel x86 -specific code from slipping into the operating system by developers used to developing on x86 chips, Windows NT 3. Both systems were designed internally at Microsoft. Only two of the Windows NT 4. All of the other ports done by third parties Motorola, Intergraph, etc.

Microsoft demonstrated a preliminary version of Windows version 6. According to Microsoft, it is a common misconception that the Xbox and Xbox use a modified Windows kernel.

In reality, the Xbox operating system was built from scratch but implements a subset of Windows APIs. Windows 11 is the first non-server version of Windows NT to not support bit platforms. The minimum hardware specification required to run each release of the professional workstation version of Windows NT has been fairly slow-moving until the 6.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Microsoft computer operating system family. This article is about the family of operating system versions by Microsoft. For the version released in , see Windows NT 4. For the 3. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. See also: List of Microsoft Windows versions. Retrieved January 4, Microsoft Support.

August 9, Windows Insider Blog. July 28, August 10, October 27, VersionString Property”. Retrieved November 10, Show Stopper! Free Press. ISBN American history.

Retrieved March 17, Win super site. Archived from the original on May 26, Retrieved June 26, Retrieved November 13, Retrieved November 24, November 5, Archived from the original on December 18, Archived from the original on December 29, Retrieved February 22, Archived from the original on April 21, Archived from the original on July 20, Retrieved January 5, IT Pro.

Retrieved January 2, Retrieved August 25, Prentice Hall. Retrieved January 23, The technique that Windows NT uses is called a “microkernel” and was influenced by the Mach microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. Microsoft Docs. September 15, Retrieved August 7, March Retrieved January 14, Windows Server Retrieved May 18, Retrieved November 1, Blogging Windows. Retrieved February 5, Retrieved June 6, Retrieved April 17, July 18, Retrieved July 18, Server cloud.

Retrieved July 8, The Verge. Vox Media. ITPro Today. Microsoft Blog. Retrieved December 24,

 
 

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Windows RE Notes. Archived from the original on 19 October Retrieved 18 December Windows Vista Technical Library. The Windows Servicing Guy. Sinofsky, Steven ed. Building Windows 8. Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 February Archived from the original on 20 February Retrieved 13 February Microsoft Windows.

Components History Timeline Criticism. Windows 1. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me. Embedded Compact CE 5. Phone 7 Phone 8 Phone 8. Cairo Nashville Neptune Odyssey. List of versions Comparison Category. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use dmy dates from February All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October Articles with unsourced statements from March Namespaces Article Talk.

Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Built from the first edition of Windows Vista.

This version differs from the other versions since it doesn’t need the disc to load all the files. See also: Features new to Windows 8.

Main article: Windows Task Manager. Main article: ReFS. Other editions support less. Each license of Windows Server Standard allows up to two virtual instances of Windows Server Standard on that physical server. If more virtual instances of Windows Server Standard are needed, each additional license of Windows Server allows up to two more virtual instances of Windows Server Standard, even though the physical server itself may have sufficient licenses for its processor chip count.

Because Windows Server Datacenter has no limit on the number of virtual instances per licensed server, only enough licenses for the physical server are needed for any number of virtual instances of Windows Server Datacenter.

If the number of processor chips or virtual instances is an odd number, the number of licenses required is the same as the next even number. For example, a single-processor-chip server would still require 1 license, the same as if the server were two-processor-chip and a five-processor-chip server would require 3 licenses, the same as if the server were six-processor-chip, and if 15 virtual instances of Windows Server Standard are needed on one server, 8 licenses of Windows Server , which can cover up to 16 virtual instances, are needed assuming, in this example, that the processor chip count does not exceed In that case, the number of physical processors cannot exceed twice the number of licenses assigned to the server.

Microsoft Support. January Archived from the original on February 27, Retrieved October 10, Windows Server Blog. TechNet blogs. Archived from the original on December 22, Retrieved January 29, CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 12, Retrieved January 1, Archived from the original on November 19, Retrieved April 17, Windows IT Pro.

Penton Media. Retrieved February 29, Archived from the original on February 11, Retrieved January 21, Archived from the original on October 28, Retrieved January 23, SoftNews SRL.

September 14, Archived from the original on May 8, Retrieved January 25, Archived from the original on December 2, Archived from the original on October 13, Retrieved July 15, Windows Server Blog! Archived from the original on January 17, Archived from the original on April 29, Microsoft DreamSpark.

Archived from the original on August 19, Ars Technica. Archived from the original on August 24, Retrieved August 24, Neowin LLC. The Next Web. Archived from the original on August 28, Archived from the original on October 6, Retrieved January 30, Paul Thurott’s Supersite for Windows. Archived from the original on March 20, Future Publishing. Archived from the original on January 22, Retrieved January 22, Sinofsky, Steven ed.

Building Windows 8. MSDN blogs. Archived from the original on January 25, Retrieved January 31, Archived from the original on November 6, Retrieved October 29, October 24, Archived from the original on April 7, TechNet Forums.

Retrieved October 14, The Startup tab is not present on Windows Server It is only on Windows 8. TechNet Library. February 29, Archived from the original on May 2, Redmond magazine. Archived from the original on January 21, Archived from the original on March 7, Peter October 26, Archived from the original on May 12, Ars Technica. Retrieved 15 October Retrieved 28 April Retrieved 4 October Archived from the original on 25 April Microsoft Connect.

January Retrieved 14 July Retrieved 24 September Retrieved 29 September MS Windows Home Server. Retrieved 13 January Paul Thurrott’s SuperSite. Retrieved 2 July Retrieved 2 March Retrieved 27 December Archived from the original on 31 December The Seattle Times. Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved 22 April Microsoft Windows. Components History Timeline Criticism.

Windows 1. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me. Embedded Compact CE 5. Phone 7 Phone 8 Phone 8. Cairo Nashville Neptune Odyssey. List of versions Comparison Category. Authority control: National libraries Germany. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from November Articles lacking reliable references from August All articles lacking reliable references Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Articles with GND identifiers.

Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. A version of the Windows NT operating system. The Windows Home Server console. Proprietary commercial software. Windows Home Server Unsupported as of January 8, [3]. Keyboard and mouse.

 
 

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